Install the Linux VDA on SUSE manually (2023)

Important:

For fresh installations, we recommend you use easy install for a quick installation. Easy install saves time and labor and is less error-prone than the manual installation detailed in this article.

Step 1: Prepare configuration information and the Linux machine

Step 1a: Launch the YaST tool

The SUSE Linux Enterprise YaST tool is used for configuring all aspects of the operating system.

To launch the text-based YaST tool:

su -yast<!--NeedCopy-->

To launch the UI-based YaST tool:

su -yast2 &<!--NeedCopy-->

Step 1b: Configure networking

The following sections provide information on configuring the various networking settings and services used by the Linux VDA. Configuring networking is carried out via the YaST tool, not via other methods such as Network Manager. These instructions are based on using the UI-based YaST tool. The text-based YaST tool can be used but has a different method of navigation that is not documented here.

Configure host name and Domain Name System (DNS)

1. Launch the UI-based YaST tool.
2. Select System and then Network Settings.
3. Open the Hostname/DNS tab.
4. Select the no option for Set Hostname via DHCP.
5. Select the Use Custom Policy option for Modify DNS Configuration.

6. Edit the following to reflect your networking setup:

   • Static Hostname – Add the DNS host name of the machine.
   • Name Server – Add the IP address of the DNS server. It is typically the IP address of the AD Domain Controller.
   • Domain Search List – Add the DNS domain name.

7. Change the following line of the /etc/hosts file to include the FQDN and host name as the first two entries:

   127.0.0.1 <FQDN of the VDA> <hostname of the VDA> localhost

Note:

The Linux VDA currently does not support NetBIOS name truncation. Therefore, the host name must not exceed 15 characters.Tip:

Use a–z, A–Z, 0–9, and hyphen (-) characters only. Avoid underscores (_), spaces, and other symbols. Do not start a host name with a number and do not end with a hyphen. This rule also applies to Delivery Controller host names.

Check the host name

Verify that the host name is set correctly:

hostname<!--NeedCopy-->

This command returns only the machine’s host name and not its Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).

Verify that the FQDN is set correctly:

hostname -f<!--NeedCopy-->

This command returns the machine’s FQDN.

Check name resolution and service reachability

Verify that you can resolve the FQDN and ping the domain controller and Delivery Controller:

nslookup domain-controller-fqdnping domain-controller-fqdnnslookup delivery-controller-fqdnping delivery-controller-fqdn<!--NeedCopy-->

If you cannot resolve the FQDN or ping either of these machines, review the steps before proceeding.

Step 1c: Configure the NTP service

It is crucial to maintain accurate clock synchronization between the VDAs, Delivery Controllers, and domain controllers. Hosting the Linux VDA as a virtual machine (VM) can cause clock skew problems. For this reason, maintaining time using a remote NTP service is preferred. Some changes might be required to the default NTP settings.

For SUSE 15.3:

1. Launch the UI-based YaST tool.
2. Select Network Services and then NTP Configuration.
3. In the Start NTP Daemon section, select Now and on Boot.
4. Select Dynamic for Configuration Source.
5. Add NTP servers as needed. The NTP service is normally hosted on the Active Directory domain controller.

6. Delete or uncomment the following line in /etc/chrony.conf if it exists.

   include /etc/chrony.d/*.conf

   After editing chrony.conf, restart the chronyd service.

   sudo systemctl restart chronyd.service<!--NeedCopy-->

Step 1d: Install Linux VDA dependent packages

The Linux VDA software for SUSE Linux Enterprise depends on the following packages:

• OpenJDK 11
• Open Motif Runtime Environment 2.3.1 or later
• Cups 1.6.0 or later
• ImageMagick 6.8 or later

Add repositories

You can obtain most required packages except ImageMagick from official repositories. To obtain the ImageMagick packages, enable the sle-module-desktop-applications repository by using YaST or the following command:

SUSEConnect -p sle-module-desktop-applications/<version number>/x86_64

Install the Kerberos client

Install the Kerberos client for mutual authentication between the Linux VDA and the Delivery Controllers:

sudo zypper install krb5-client<!--NeedCopy-->

The Kerberos client configuration depends on which Active Directory integration approach is used. See the following description.

Install OpenJDK 11

The Linux VDA requires the presence of OpenJDK 11.

To install OpenJDK 11, run the following command:

sudo zypper install java-11-openjdk<!--NeedCopy-->

Install and specify a database to use

As an experimental feature, you can use SQLite in addition to PostgreSQL. You can also switch between SQLite and PostgreSQL by editing /etc/xdl/db.conf after installing the Linux VDA package. For manual installations, you must install SQLite and PostgreSQL manually before being able to switch between them.

This section describes how to install the PostgreSQL and SQLite databases and how to specify a database to use.

Note:

We recommend you use SQLite for VDI mode only.

Install PostgreSQL

To install Postgresql, run the following commands:

sudo zypper install postgresql13-serversudo zypper install postgresql-jdbc<!--NeedCopy-->

Run the following commands to start PostgreSQL upon machine startup or immediately, respectively:

sudo systemctl enable postgresqlsudo systemctl restart postgresql<!--NeedCopy-->

Install SQLite

For SUSE, run the following command to install SQLite:

sudo zypper install sqlite3<!--NeedCopy-->

Specify a database to use

After you install SQLite, PostgreSQL, or both, you can specify a database to use by editing /etc/xdl/db.conf after installing the Linux VDA package. To do so, complete the following steps:

1. Run /opt/Citrix/VDA/sbin/ctxcleanup.sh. Omit this step if it is a fresh installation.
2. Edit /etc/xdl/db.conf to specify a database to use.
3. Run ctxsetup.sh.

Note:

You can also use /etc/xdl/db.conf to configure the port number for PostgreSQL.

Step 2: Prepare the hypervisor

Some changes are required when running the Linux VDA as a VM on a supported hypervisor. Make the following changes based on the hypervisor platform in use. No changes are required if you are running the Linux machine on bare metal hardware.

Fix time synchronization on Citrix Hypervisor

If the Citrix Hypervisor Time Sync feature is enabled, within each paravirtualized Linux VM you experience issues with NTP and Citrix Hypervisor. Both try to manage the system clock. To avoid the clock becoming out of sync with other servers, synchronize the system clock within each Linux guest with NTP. This case requires disabling host time synchronization. No changes are required in HVM mode.

If you are running a paravirtualized Linux kernel with Citrix VM Tools installed, you can check whether the Citrix Hypervisor Time Sync feature is present and enabled from within the Linux VM:

su -cat /proc/sys/xen/independent_wallclock<!--NeedCopy-->

This command returns 0 or 1:

• 0 - The time sync feature is enabled, and must be disabled.
• 1 - The time sync feature is disabled, and no further action is required.

If the /proc/sys/xen/independent_wallclock file is not present, the following steps are not required.

If enabled, disable the time sync feature by writing 1 to the file:

sudo echo 1 > /proc/sys/xen/independent_wallclock<!--NeedCopy-->

To make this change permanent and persistent after restart, edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file and add the line:

xen.independent_wallclock = 1

To verify these changes, restart the system:

reboot<!--NeedCopy-->

After restart, verify that the setting is correct:

su -cat /proc/sys/xen/independent_wallclock<!--NeedCopy-->

This command returns the value 1.

Fix time synchronization on Microsoft Hyper-V

Linux VMs with Hyper-V Linux Integration Services installed can apply the Hyper-V time synchronization feature to use the host operating system’s time. To ensure that the system clock remains accurate, enable this feature alongside the NTP services.

From the management operating system:

1. Open the Hyper-V Manager console.
2. For the settings of a Linux VM, select Integration Services.
3. Ensure that Time synchronization is selected.

Note:

This approach is different from VMware and Citrix Hypervisor, where host time synchronization is disabled to avoid conflicts with NTP. Hyper-V time synchronization can coexist and supplement NTP time synchronization.

Fix time synchronization on ESX and ESXi

If the VMware Time Synchronization feature is enabled, within each paravirtualized Linux VM you experience issues with NTP and the hypervisor. Both try to synchronize the system clock. To avoid the clock becoming out of sync with other servers, synchronize the system clock within each Linux guest with NTP. This case requires disabling host time synchronization.

If you are running a paravirtualized Linux kernel with VMware Tools installed:

1. Open the vSphere Client.
2. Edit settings for the Linux VM.
3. In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog, open the Options tab.
4. Select VMware Tools.
5. In the Advanced box, clear Synchronize guest time with host.

Step 3: Add the Linux VM to the Windows domain

The following methods are available for adding Linux machines to the Active Directory (AD) domain:

• Samba Winbind
• Centrify DirectControl
• SSSD
• PBIS

Follow instructions based on your chosen method.

Note:

Session launches might fail when the same user name is used for the local account in the Linux VDA and for the account in AD.

Samba Winbind

Join Windows domain

Your domain controller must be reachable and you must have an Active Directory user account with permissions to add machines to the domain:

1. Launch YaST, select Network Services and then Windows Domain Membership.

2. Make the following changes:

   • Set the Domain or Workgroup to the name of your Active Directory domain or the IP address of the domain controller. Ensure that the domain name is in uppercase.
   • Check Use SMB information for Linux Authentication.
     • Check Create Home Directory on Login.
     • Check Single Sign-on for SSH.
     • Ensure that Offline Authentication is not checked. This option is not compatible with the Linux VDA.

3. Click OK. If you are prompted to install some packages, click Install.

4. If a domain controller is found, it asks whether you want to join the domain. Click Yes.

5. When prompted, type the credentials of a domain user with permission to add machines to the domain and click OK.

6. Restart your services manually or restart the machine. We recommend you restart the machine:

   su -reboot<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify domain membership

The Delivery Controller requires that all VDA machines (Windows and Linux VDAs) have a computer object in Active Directory.

Run the net ads command of Samba to verify that the machine is joined to a domain:

sudo net ads testjoin<!--NeedCopy-->

Run the following command to verify extra domain and computer object information:

sudo net ads info<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify Kerberos configuration

Make sure that the system keytab file has been created and contains valid keys:

sudo klist –ke<!--NeedCopy-->

This command displays the list of keys available for the various combinations of principal names and cipher suites. Run the Kerberos kinit command to authenticate the machine with the domain controller using these keys:

sudo kinit -k MACHINE\$@REALM<!--NeedCopy-->

The machine and realm names must be specified in uppercase. The dollar sign ($) must be escaped with a backslash (\) to prevent shell substitution. In some environments, the DNS domain name is different from the Kerberos realm name. Ensure that the realm name is used. If this command is successful, no output is displayed.

Verify that the TGT ticket for the machine account has been cached using:

sudo klist<!--NeedCopy-->

Examine the machine account details using:

sudo net ads status<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify user authentication

Use the wbinfo tool to verify that domain users can authenticate with the domain:

wbinfo --krb5auth=domain\\username%password<!--NeedCopy-->

The domain specified here is the AD domain name, not the Kerberos realm name. For the bash shell, the backslash (\) character must be escaped with another backslash. This command returns a message indicating success or failure.

Verify that the Winbind PAM module is configured correctly. To do so, log on to the Linux VDA using a domain user account that has not been used before.

ssh localhost -l domain\\usernameid -u<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify that a corresponding Kerberos credential cache file was created for the uid returned by the id -u command:

ls /tmp/krb5cc_uid<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify that the tickets in the user’s Kerberos credential cache are valid and not expired:

klist<!--NeedCopy-->

Exit the session.

exit<!--NeedCopy-->

A similar test can be performed by logging on to the Gnome or KDE console directly. Proceed to Step 6: Install the Linux VDA after the domain-joining verification.

Quest authentication service

Configure Quest on domain controller

Assume that you have installed and configured the Quest software on the domain controllers, and have been granted administrative privileges to create computer objects in Active Directory.

Enable domain users to log on to Linux VDA machines

To enable domain users to establish HDX sessions on a Linux VDA machine:

1. In the Active Directory Users and Computers management console, open Active Directory user properties for that user account.
2. Select the Unix Account tab.
3. Check Unix-enabled.
4. Set the Primary GID Number to the group ID of an actual domain user group.

Note:

These instructions are equivalent for setting up domain users for logon using the console, RDP, SSH, or any other remoting protocol.

Configure Quest on Linux VDA

Configure VAS daemon

Autorenewal of Kerberos tickets must be enabled and disconnected. Authentication (offline logon) must be disabled:

sudo /opt/quest/bin/vastool configure vas vasd auto-ticket-renew-interval 32400sudo /opt/quest/bin/vastool configure vas vas_auth allow-disconnected-auth false<!--NeedCopy-->

This command sets the renewal interval to nine hours (32,400 seconds) which is one hour less than the default 10-hour ticket lifetime. Set this parameter to a lower value on systems with a shorter ticket lifetime.

Configure PAM and NSS

To enable domain user logons through HDX and other services such as su, ssh, and RDP, configure PAM and NSS manually:

sudo /opt/quest/bin/vastool configure pamsudo /opt/quest/bin/vastool configure nss<!--NeedCopy-->

Join Windows domain

Join the Linux machine to the Active Directory domain using the Quest vastool command:

sudo /opt/quest/bin/vastool -u user join domain-name<!--NeedCopy-->

The user is any domain user who has permissions to join machines to the Active Directory domain. The domain-name is the DNS name of the domain, for example, example.com.

Verify domain membership

The Delivery Controller requires that all VDA machines (Windows and Linux VDAs) have a computer object in Active Directory. To verify that a Quest-joined Linux machine is on the domain:

sudo /opt/quest/bin/vastool info domain<!--NeedCopy-->

If the machine is joined to a domain, this command returns the domain name. If the machine is not joined to any domain, the following error appears:

ERROR: No domain could be found.
ERROR: VAS_ERR_CONFIG: at ctx.c:414 in _ctx_init_default_realm
default_realm not configured in vas.conf. Computer may not be joined to domain

Verify user authentication

Verify that Quest can authenticate domain users through PAM. To do so, log on to the Linux VDA using a domain user account that has not been used before.

ssh localhost -l domain\\usernameid -u<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify that a corresponding Kerberos credential cache file was created for the uid returned by the id -u command:

ls /tmp/krb5cc_uid<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify that the tickets in the Kerberos credential cache are valid and not expired:

/opt/quest/bin/vastool klist<!--NeedCopy-->

Exit the session.

exit<!--NeedCopy-->

A similar test can be performed by logging on to the Gnome or KDE console directly. Proceed to Step 6: Install the Linux VDA after the domain-joining verification.

Centrify DirectControl

Join Windows domain

With the Centrify DirectControl Agent installed, join the Linux machine to the Active Directory domain using the Centrify adjoin command:

sudo adjoin -w -V -u user domain-name<!--NeedCopy-->

The user is any Active Directory domain user who has permissions to join machines to the Active Directory domain. The domain-name is the name of the domain to join the Linux machine to.

Verify domain membership

The Delivery Controller requires that all VDA machines (Windows and Linux VDAs) have a computer object in Active Directory. To verify that a Centrify-joined Linux machine is on the domain:

sudo adinfo<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify that the Joined to domain value is valid and the CentrifyDC mode returns connected. If the mode remains stuck in the starting state, then the Centrify client is experiencing server connection or authentication problems.

More comprehensive system and diagnostic information is available using:

adinfo --sysinfo alladinfo –diag<!--NeedCopy-->

Test connectivity to the various Active Directory and Kerberos services.

adinfo --test<!--NeedCopy-->

Proceed to Step 6: Install the Linux VDA after the domain-joining verification.

SSSD

If you are using SSSD on SUSE, follow the instructions in this section. This section includes instructions for joining a Linux VDA machine to a Windows domain and provides guidance for configuring Kerberos authentication.

To set up SSSD on SUSE, complete the following steps:

1. Join the domain and create host keytabs
2. Configure PAM for SSSD
3. Set up SSSD
4. Enable SSSD
5. Verify domain membership
6. Verify the Kerberos configuration
7. Verify user authentication

Join the domain and create host keytab

SSSD does not provide Active Directory client functions for joining the domain and managing the system keytab file. You can use the Samba approach instead. Complete the following steps before configuring SSSD.

1. Stop and disable the Name Service Cache Daemon (NSCD) daemon.

   sudo systemctl stop nscdsudo systemctl disable nscd<!--NeedCopy-->

2. Check the host name and Chrony time synchronization.

   hostnamehostname -fchronyc traking<!--NeedCopy-->

3. Install or update the required packages:

   sudo zypper install samba-client sssd-ad<!--NeedCopy-->

4. Edit the /etc/krb5.conf file as a root user to permit the kinit utility to communicate with the target domain. Add the following entries under the [libdefaults], [realms], and [domain_realm] sections:

   Note:

   Configure Kerberos based on your AD infrastructure. The following settings are meant for the single-domain, single-forest model.

   [libdefaults] dns_canonicalize_hostname = false rdns = false default_realm = REALM forwardable = true[realms] REALM = { kdc = fqdn-of-domain-controller default_domain = realm admin_server = fqdn-of-domain-controller }[domain_realm] .realm = REALM<!--NeedCopy-->

   realm is the Kerberos realm name, such as example.com. REALM is the Kerberos realm name in uppercase, such as EXAMPLE.COM.

5. Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf as a root user to permit the net utility to communicate with the target domain. Add the following entries under the [global] section:

   [global] workgroup = domain client signing = yes client use spnego = yes kerberos method = secrets and keytab realm = REALM security = ADS<!--NeedCopy-->

   domain is the short NetBIOS name of an Active Directory domain, such as EXAMPLE.

6. Modify the passwd and group entries in the /etc/nsswitch.conf file to reference SSSD when resolving users and groups.

   passwd: compat sssgroup: compat sss<!--NeedCopy-->

7. Use the configured Kerberos client to authenticate to the target domain as Administrator.

   kinit administrator<!--NeedCopy-->

8. Use the net utility to join the system to the domain and generate a system keytab file.

   net ads join osname="SUSE Linux Enterprise Server" osVersion=15 -U administrator<!--NeedCopy-->

Configure PAM for SSSD

Before configuring PAM for SSSD, install or update the required packages:

sudo zypper install sssd sssd-ad<!--NeedCopy-->

Configure the PAM module for user authentication through SSSD and create home directories for user logons.

sudo pam-config --add --ssssudo pam-config --add --mkhomedir<!--NeedCopy-->

Set up SSSD

1. Edit /etc/sssd/sssd.conf as a root user to permit the SSSD daemon to communicate with the target domain. An example sssd.conf configuration (extra options can be added as needed):

   [sssd] config_file_version = 2 services = nss,pam domains = domain-dns-name[domain/domain-dns-name] id_provider = ad auth_provider = ad access_provider = ad ad_domain = domain-dns-name ad_server = fqdn-of-domain-controller ldap_id_mapping = true ldap_schema = ad# Kerberos settings krb5_ccachedir = /tmp krb5_ccname_template = FILE:%d/krb5cc_%U# Comment out if the users have the shell and home dir set on the AD side fallback_homedir = /home/%d/%u default_shell = /bin/bash# Uncomment and adjust if the default principal SHORTNAME$@REALM is not available# ldap_sasl_authid = host/client.ad.example.com@AD.EXAMPLE.COM ad_gpo_access_control = permissive<!--NeedCopy-->

   domain-dns-name is the DNS domain name, such as example.com.

   Note:

   ldap_id_mapping is set to true so that SSSD itself takes care of mapping Windows SIDs to Unix UIDs. Otherwise, the Active Directory must be able to provide POSIX extensions. ad_gpo_access_control is set to permissive to prevent an invalid logon error for Linux sessions. See the man pages for sssd.conf and sssd-ad.

2. Set the file ownership and permissions on sssd.conf:

   sudo chmod 0600 /etc/sssd/sssd.conf<!--NeedCopy-->

Enable SSSD

Run the following commands to enable and start the SSSD daemon at system startup:

sudo systemctl enable sssdsudo systemctl start sssd<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify domain membership

1. Run the net ads command of Samba to verify that the machine is joined to a domain:

   sudo net ads testjoin<!--NeedCopy-->

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2. Run the following command to verify extra domain and computer object information:

   sudo net ads info<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify Kerberos configuration

Make sure that the system keytab file has been created and contains valid keys:

sudo klist -ke<!--NeedCopy-->

This command displays the list of keys available for the various combinations of principal names and cipher suites.

Run the Kerberos kinit command to authenticate the machine with the domain controller using these keys:

sudo kinit –k MACHINE\$@REALM<!--NeedCopy-->

The machine and realm names must be specified in uppercase. The dollar sign ($) must be escaped with a backslash (\) to prevent shell substitution. In some environments, the DNS domain name is different from the Kerberos realm name. Ensure that the realm name is used. If this command is successful, no output is displayed.

Verify that the TGT ticket for the machine account has been cached using:

sudo klist<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify user authentication

SSSD does not provide a command-line tool for testing authentication directly with the daemon, and can only be done via PAM.

To verify that the SSSD PAM module is configured correctly, log on to the Linux VDA using a domain user account that has not been used before.

ssh localhost -l domain\\usernameid -uklistexit<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify that the Kerberos tickets returned by the klist command are correct for that user and have not expired.

As a root user, verify that a corresponding ticket cache file was created for the uid returned by the previous id -u command:

ls /tmp/krb5cc_uid<!--NeedCopy-->

A similar test can be performed by logging on to the Gnome or KDE console directly. Proceed to Step 6: Install the Linux VDA after the domain-joining verification.

PBIS

Download the required PBIS package

For example:

wget https://github.com/BeyondTrust/pbis-open/releases/download/9.1.0/pbis-open-9.1.0.551.linux.x86_64.rpm.sh<!--NeedCopy-->

Make the PBIS installation script executable

For example:

chmod +x pbis-open-9.1.0.551.linux.x86_64.rpm.sh<!--NeedCopy-->

Run the PBIS installation script

For example:

sh pbis-open-9.1.0.551.linux.x86_64.rpm.sh<!--NeedCopy-->

Join a Windows domain

Your domain controller must be reachable and you must have an Active Directory user account with permissions to add machines to the domain:

/opt/pbis/bin/domainjoin-cli join domain-name user<!--NeedCopy-->

The user is a domain user who has permissions to add machines to the Active Directory domain. The domain-name is the DNS name of the domain, for example, example.com.

Note: To set Bash as the default shell, run the /opt/pbis/bin/config LoginShellTemplate/bin/bash command.

Verify domain membership

The Delivery Controller requires that all VDA machines (Windows and Linux VDAs) have a computer object in Active Directory. To verify that a PBIS-joined Linux machine is on the domain:

/opt/pbis/bin/domainjoin-cli query<!--NeedCopy-->

If the machine is joined to a domain, this command returns the information about the currently joined AD domain and OU. Otherwise, only the host name appears.

Verify user authentication

Verify that PBIS can authenticate domain users through PAM. To do so, log on to the Linux VDA using a domain user account that has not been used before.

ssh localhost -l domain\\userid -u<!--NeedCopy-->

Verify that a corresponding Kerberos credential cache file was created for the UID returned by the id -u command:

ls /tmp/krb5cc_uid<!--NeedCopy-->

Exit the session.

exit<!--NeedCopy-->

Proceed to Step 6: Install the Linux VDA after the domain-joining verification.

Step 4: Install .NET Runtime 6.0

Before installing the Linux VDA, install .NET Runtime 6.0 according to the instructions at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/install/linux-package-managers.

After installing .NET Runtime 6.0, run the which dotnet command to find your runtime path.

Based on the command output, set the .NET runtime binary path. For example, if the command output is /aa/bb/dotnet, use /aa/bb as the .NET binary path.

Step 5: Download the Linux VDA package

1. Go to the Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops download page.
2. Expand the appropriate version of Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops.

3. Click Components to download the Linux VDA package that matches your Linux distribution and the GPG public key that you can use to verify the integrity of the Linux VDA package.

   To verify the integrity of the Linux VDA package by using the public key, import the public key into the RPM database and run the following commands:

   rpmkeys --import <path to the public key>rpm --checksig --verbose <path to the Linux VDA package><!--NeedCopy-->

Step 6: Install the Linux VDA

Step 6a: Uninstall the old version

If you installed an earlier version other than the previous two and an LTSR release, uninstall it before installing the new version.

1. Stop the Linux VDA services:

   sudo /sbin/service ctxvda stopsudo /sbin/service ctxhdx stop<!--NeedCopy-->

   Note:

   Before you stop the ctxvda and ctxhdx services, run the service ctxmonitorservice stop command to stop the monitor service daemon. Otherwise, the monitor service daemon restarts the services you stopped.

2. Uninstall the package:

   sudo rpm -e XenDesktopVDA<!--NeedCopy-->

Important:

Upgrading from the latest two versions is supported.

Note:

You can find installed components under /opt/Citrix/VDA/.

To run a command, the full path is needed; alternatively, you can add /opt/Citrix/VDA/sbin and /opt/Citrix/VDA/bin to the system path.

Step 6b: Install the Linux VDA

Install the Linux VDA software using Zypper:

sudo zypper install XenDesktopVDA-<version>.sle15_x.x86_64.rpm<!--NeedCopy-->

Install the Linux VDA software using the RPM package manager:

sudo rpm -i XenDesktopVDA-<version>.sle15_x.x86_64.rpm<!--NeedCopy-->

Step 6c: Upgrade the Linux VDA (optional)

You can upgrade an existing installation from the previous two versions and from an LTSR release.

Note:

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Upgrading an existing installation overwrites the configuration files under /etc/xdl. Before you conduct an upgrade, make sure to back up the files.

sudo rpm -U XenDesktopVDA-<version>.sle15_x.x86_64.rpm<!--NeedCopy-->

RPM Dependency list for SUSE 15:

java-11-openjdk >= 11ImageMagick >= 7.0dbus-1 >= 1.12.2dbus-1-x11 >= 1.12.2xorg-x11 >= 7.6_1libXpm4 >= 3.5.12libXrandr2 >= 1.5.1libXtst6 >= 1.2.3pam >= 1.3.0bash >= 4.4findutils >= 4.6gawk >= 4.2sed >= 4.4cups >= 2.2cups-filters >= 1.25libxml2-2 >= 2.9libmspack0 >= 0.6ibus >= 1.5libtcmalloc4 >= 2.5libcap-progs >= 2.26mozilla-nss-tools >= 3.53.1libpython3_6m1_0 >= 3.6~libQt5Widgets5 >= 5.12libqrencode4 >= 4.0.0libImlib2-1 >= 1.4.10<!--NeedCopy-->

Important:

Restart the Linux VDA machine after upgrading.

Step 7: Install NVIDIA GRID drivers

Enabling HDX 3D Pro requires you to install the NVIDIA GRID drivers on your hypervisor and on the VDA machines.

To install and configure the NVIDIA GRID Virtual GPU Manager (the host driver) on the specific hypervisors, see the following guides:

• Citrix Hypervisor
• VMware ESX
• Nutanix AHV

To install and configure the NVIDIA GRID guest VM drivers, perform the following general steps:

1. Make sure that the guest VM is shut down.
2. In the hypervisor control panel, allocate a GPU to the VM.
3. Start the VM.
4. Install the guest VM driver on the VM.

Step 8: Configure the Linux VDA

After installing the package, you must configure the Linux VDA by running the ctxsetup.sh script. Before the script makes any changes, it verifies the environment and ensures that all dependencies are installed. If necessary, you can rerun the script at any time to change settings.

You can run the script manually with prompting, or automatically with preconfigured responses. Review Help about the script before proceeding:

sudo /opt/Citrix/VDA/sbin/ctxsetup.sh –help<!--NeedCopy-->

Prompted configuration

Run a manual configuration with prompted questions:

sudo /opt/Citrix/VDA/sbin/ctxsetup.sh<!--NeedCopy-->

Automated configuration

For an automated installation, provide the options required by the setup script with environment variables. If all required variables are present, the script does not prompt for any information.

Supported environment variables include:

• CTX_XDL_SUPPORT_DDC_AS_CNAME=Y | N – The Linux VDA supports specifying a Delivery Controller name using a DNS CNAME record. Set to N by default.
• CTX_XDL_DDC_LIST=’list-ddc-fqdns’ – The Linux VDA requires a space-separated list of Delivery Controller Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) to use for registering with a Delivery Controller. At least one FQDN or CNAME alias must be specified.
• CTX_XDL_VDA_PORT=port-number – The Linux VDA communicates with Delivery Controllers through a TCP/IP port, which is port 80 by default.
• CTX_XDL_REGISTER_SERVICE=Y | N - The Linux VDA services are started after machine startup. The value is set to Y by default.
• CTX_XDL_ADD_FIREWALL_RULES=Y | N – The Linux VDA services require incoming network connections to be allowed through the system firewall. You can open the required ports (ports 80 and 1494 by default) automatically in the system firewall for the Linux VDA. Set to Y by default.
• CTX_XDL_AD_INTEGRATION=1 | 2 | 3 | 4 – The Linux VDA requires Kerberos configuration settings to authenticate with the Delivery Controllers. The Kerberos configuration is determined from the installed and configured Active Directory integration tool on the system. Specify the supported Active Directory integration method to use:
  • 1 – Samba Winbind
  • 2 – Quest Authentication Service
  • 3 – Centrify DirectControl
  • 4 – SSSD
• CTX_XDL_HDX_3D_PRO=Y | N – The Linux VDA supports HDX 3D Pro, a set of GPU acceleration technologies designed to optimize the virtualization of rich graphics applications. If HDX 3D Pro is selected, the VDA is configured for VDI desktops (single-session) mode - (that is, CTX_XDL_VDI_MODE=Y).
• CTX_XDL_VDI_MODE=Y | N – Whether to configure the machine as a dedicated desktop delivery model (VDI) or hosted shared desktop delivery model. For HDX 3D Pro environments, set this variable to Y. This variable is set to N by default.
• CTX_XDL_SITE_NAME=dns-name – The Linux VDA discovers LDAP servers through DNS. To limit the DNS search results to a local site, specify a DNS site name. This variable is set to <none> by default.
• CTX_XDL_LDAP_LIST=’list-ldap-servers’ – The Linux VDA queries DNS to discover LDAP servers. If DNS cannot provide LDAP service records, you can provide a space-separated list of LDAP FQDNs with LDAP ports. For example, ad1.mycompany.com:389 ad2.mycompany.com:3268 ad3.mycompany.com:3268. If you specify the LDAP port number as 389, the Linux VDA queries each LDAP server in the specified domain in polling mode. If there are x number of policies and y number of LDAP servers, the Linux VDA performs the total of X multiplied by Y queries. If the polling time exceeds the threshold, session logons might fail. To enable the faster LDAP queries, enable Global Catalog on a domain controller and specify the relevant LDAP port number as 3268. This variable is set to <none> by default.
• CTX_XDL_SEARCH_BASE=search-base-set – The Linux VDA queries LDAP through a search base set to the root of the Active Directory Domain (for example, DC=mycompany,DC=com). To improve search performance, you can specify a search base (for example, OU=VDI,DC=mycompany,DC=com). This variable is set to <none> by default.
• CTX_XDL_FAS_LIST=’list-fas-servers’ – The Federated Authentication Service (FAS) servers are configured through AD Group Policy. The Linux VDA does not support AD Group Policy, but you can provide a semicolon-separated list of FAS servers instead. The sequence must be the same as configured in AD Group Policy. If any server address is removed, fill its blank with the <none> text string and do not modify the order of server addresses. To communicate with FAS servers properly, make sure you append a port number consistent with that specified on the FAS servers, for example, CTX_XDL_FAS_LIST=’fas_server_1_url:port_number; fas_server_2_url: port_number; fas_server_3_url: port_number’.
• CTX_XDL_DOTNET_ RUNTIME_PATH=path-to-install-dotnet-runtime – The path to install .NET Runtime 6.0 for supporting the new broker agent service (ctxvda). The default path is /usr/bin.

• CTX_XDL_DESKTOP _ENVIRONMENT=gnome/gnome-classic/mate – Specifies the GNOME, GNOME Classic, or MATE desktop environment to use in sessions. If you leave the variable unspecified, the desktop currently installed on the VDA is used. However, if the currently installed desktop is MATE, you must set the variable value to mate.

  You can also change the desktop environment for a target session user by completing the following steps:

  1. Create an .xsession file under the $HOME/<username> directory on the VDA.

  2. Edit the .xsession file to specify a desktop environment.

     • For MATE desktop on SUSE 15

        MSESSION="$(type -p mate-session)" if [ -n "$MSESSION" ]; then exec mate-session fi 

     • For GNOME Classic desktop on SUSE 15

        GSESSION="$(type -p gnome-session)" if [ -n "$GSESSION" ]; then export GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=classic exec gnome-session --session=gnome-classic fi

     • For GNOME desktop on SUSE 15

        GSESSION="$(type -p gnome-session)" if [ -n "$GSESSION" ]; then exec gnome-session fi 

  3. Share the 700 file permission with the target session user.

  Starting with Version 2209, session users can customize their desktop environments. To enable this feature, you must install switchable desktop environments on the VDA in advance. For more information, see Custom desktop environments by session users.

• CTX_XDL_START_SERVICE=Y | N – Whether or not the Linux VDA services are started when the Linux VDA configuration is complete. Set to Y by default.
• CTX_XDL_TELEMETRY_SOCKET_PORT – The socket port for listening for Citrix Scout. The default port is 7503.
• CTX_XDL_TELEMETRY_PORT – The port for communicating with Citrix Scout. The default port is 7502.

Set the environment variable and run the configure script:

export CTX_XDL_SUPPORT_DDC_AS_CNAME=Y|Nexport CTX_XDL_DDC_LIST='list-ddc-fqdns'export CTX_XDL_VDA_PORT=port-numberexport CTX_XDL_REGISTER_SERVICE=Y|Nexport CTX_XDL_ADD_FIREWALL_RULES=Y|Nexport CTX_XDL_AD_INTEGRATION=1|2|3|4export CTX_XDL_HDX_3D_PRO=Y|Nexport CTX_XDL_VDI_MODE=Y|Nexport CTX_XDL_SITE_NAME=dns-site-name | '<none>'export CTX_XDL_LDAP_LIST='list-ldap-servers' | '<none>'export CTX_XDL_SEARCH_BASE=search-base-set | '<none>'export CTX_XDL_FAS_LIST='list-fas-servers' | '<none>'export CTX_XDL_DOTNET_RUNTIME_PATH=path-to-install-dotnet-runtimeexport CTX_XDL_DESKTOP_ENVIRONMENT= gnome | gnome-classic | mate | '<none>'export CTX_XDL_TELEMETRY_SOCKET_PORT=port-numberexport CTX_XDL_TELEMETRY_PORT=port-numberexport CTX_XDL_START_SERVICE=Y|Nsudo -E /opt/Citrix/VDA/sbin/ctxsetup.sh<!--NeedCopy-->

When running the sudo command, type the -E option to pass the existing environment variables to the new shell it creates. We recommend that you create a shell script file from the preceding commands with #!/bin/bash as the first line.

Alternatively, you can specify all parameters by using a single command:

sudo CTX_XDL_SUPPORT_DDC_AS_CNAME=Y|N \CTX_XDL_DDC_LIST='list-ddc-fqdns' \CTX_XDL_VDA_PORT=port-number \CTX_XDL_REGISTER_SERVICE=Y|N \CTX_XDL_ADD_FIREWALL_RULES=Y|N \CTX_XDL_AD_INTEGRATION=1|2|3|4 \CTX_XDL_HDX_3D_PRO=Y|N \CTX_XDL_VDI_MODE=Y|N \CTX_XDL_SITE_NAME=dns-name \CTX_XDL_LDAP_LIST='list-ldap-servers' \CTX_XDL_SEARCH_BASE=search-base-set \CTX_XDL_FAS_LIST='list-fas-servers' \CTX_XDL_DOTNET_RUNTIME_PATH=path-to-install-dotnet-runtime \CTX_XDL_DESKTOP_ENVIRONMENT=gnome|gnome-classic|mate \CTX_XDL_TELEMETRY_SOCKET_PORT=port-number \CTX_XDL_TELEMETRY_PORT=port-number \CTX_XDL_START_SERVICE=Y|N \/opt/Citrix/VDA/sbin/ctxsetup.sh<!--NeedCopy-->

Remove configuration changes

In some scenarios, you might have to remove the configuration changes made by the ctxsetup.sh script without uninstalling the Linux VDA package.

Review Help about this script before proceeding:

sudo /usr/local/sbin/ctxcleanup.sh --help<!--NeedCopy-->

To remove configuration changes:

sudo /usr/local/sbin/ctxcleanup.sh<!--NeedCopy-->

Important:

This script deletes all configuration data from the database and renders the Linux VDA inoperable.

Configuration logs

The ctxsetup.sh and ctxcleanup.sh scripts display errors on the console, with additional information written to a configuration log file:

/tmp/xdl.configure.log

Restart the Linux VDA services to have the changes take effect.

Step 9: Run XDPing

Run sudo /opt/Citrix/VDA/bin/xdping to check for common configuration issues with a Linux VDA environment. For more information, see XDPing.

Step 10: Run the Linux VDA

After configuring the Linux VDA by using the ctxsetup.sh script, you can run the following commands to control the Linux VDA.

Start the Linux VDA:

To start the Linux VDA services:

sudo /sbin/service ctxhdx startsudo /sbin/service ctxvda start<!--NeedCopy-->

Stop the Linux VDA:

To stop the Linux VDA services:

sudo /sbin/service ctxvda stopsudo /sbin/service ctxhdx stop<!--NeedCopy-->

Note:

Before you stop the ctxvda and ctxhdx services, run the service ctxmonitorservice stop command to stop the monitor service daemon. Otherwise, the monitor service daemon restarts the services you stopped.

Restart the Linux VDA:

To restart the Linux VDA services:

sudo /sbin/service ctxvda stopsudo /sbin/service ctxhdx restartsudo /sbin/service ctxvda start<!--NeedCopy-->

Check the Linux VDA status:

To check the running status of the Linux VDA services:

sudo /sbin/service ctxvda statussudo /sbin/service ctxhdx status<!--NeedCopy-->

Step 11: Create machine catalogs

The process for creating machine catalogs and adding Linux VDA machines is similar to the traditional Windows VDA approach. For a more detailed description of how to complete these tasks, see Create machine catalogs and Manage machine catalogs.

For creating machine catalogs that contain Linux VDA machines, there are a few restrictions that differentiate the process from creating machine catalogs for Windows VDA machines:

• For the operating system, select:
  • The Multi-session OS option for a hosted shared desktops delivery model.
  • The Single-session OS option for a VDI dedicated desktop delivery model.
• Do not mix Linux and Windows VDA machines in the same machine catalog.

Note:

Early versions of Citrix Studio did not support the notion of a “Linux OS.” However, selecting the Windows Server OS or Server OS option implies an equivalent hosted shared desktops delivery model. Selecting the Windows Desktop OS or Desktop OS option implies a single user per machine delivery model.

Tip:

If you remove and rejoin a machine to the Active Directory domain, you must remove and add the machine to the machine catalog again.

Step 12: Create delivery groups

The process for creating a delivery group and adding machine catalogs containing Linux VDA machines is almost identical to Windows VDA machines. For a more detailed description of how to complete these tasks, see Create delivery groups.

For creating delivery groups that contain Linux VDA machine catalogs, the following restrictions apply:

• Make sure that the AD users and groups that you select have been properly configured to log on to the Linux VDA machines.
• Do not allow logon of unauthenticated (anonymous) users.
• Do not mix the delivery group with machine catalogs that contain Windows machines.

Important:

(Video) Using Rufus to make Linux boot-able on USB drive.

Publishing applications is supported with Linux VDA Version 1.4 and later. However, the Linux VDA does not support the delivery of desktops and apps to the same machine.

For information about how to create machine catalogs and delivery groups, see Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops 7 2212.